被動語態的定義及其應用

被動語態是動詞的一種形式，用以説明主語與謂語動詞之間的關係。英語的語態共有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。 下面是本站小編給大家整理的被動語態的簡介，希望能幫到大家!

　　被動語態的定義

在英語中，被動語態使用得比漢語要多，要普遍，但大多數句子都使用主動語態。被動語態在英語中極為重要。許多課本及考試乃至實際應用中都常常涉及到這個問題。一般説來，當強調動作承受者，不必説出執行者或含糊不清的執行者時，多用被動語態。需要注意的是，許多地方與漢語不同。注意：那些漢語中有“被……”的短語往往又不是被動語態，而是主系表結構。還有些特殊現象，如：“known to me的意思，英語卻應該用被動態。還要注意，英語的被動語態往往由“by”引出，而有用介詞“by on foot”步行(美國人有時用“by foot”)，“in carriage”(乘四輪馬車)等等。還有假主動，真被動的十幾個常用詞的用法，以及“so heavy to carry”而不用“so heavy to be carried”等習慣用法。有關這類情況，做到心中有數對全面掌握被動語態，準確無誤地解答習題非常關鍵，被動態必須涉及的是動詞的各種時態變化的問題。英語的時態本來很複雜，怎樣記住各自的被動形式呢?首先要明確“將來進行無被動，現在完成時進行同”。這兩種時態無被動形式。

另外，不及物動詞帶有同原賓語的動詞，反身代詞的.動詞和系動詞都無被動形式。即便如此，還有不定式，動名詞，分詞，以及它們的複合結構的被動態，再加上情態動詞，助動詞以及它們的疑問式和否定式從中摻雜。下面口訣就以動詞“do”為例，即“do、did”過去式“done”過去分詞，以口訣形式總結各種時態的被動態。一定對你有所啟示。 當然了，被動語態也可以概括為“be done”。也就是“be+過去分詞”。

　　被動語態的應用

一般用法

1.一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are +及物動詞的過去分詞

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

I am asked to study hard by my mother.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2.一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞

The new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3.現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been +及物動詞的過去分詞

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4.一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5.含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6.現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being +及物動詞的過去分詞

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They are planting trees over there. →

Trees are being planted over there by them.

7.不定式的被動語態：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞

There are two books to be read. →

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

特殊用法

1.不及物動詞無被動語態。 如：happen, break down, come out......

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。 如： write, sell, ride.....

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3.感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態中不帶“to”，但變為被動語態時，須加上“to”。

例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那麼動詞後要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5.一些動詞短語用於被動語態時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

構成

be+done.

　　被動語態的口訣

一般現在時、一般過去時用be +及物動詞的.過去分詞，be有人稱、時、數變。

完成時態have(has)done，被動將been加中間。

一般將來shall(will)do，被動變do為be done。

將來進行無被動，shall(will)be doing。

現在完成時，被動 have(has)been done。

現、過進行be doing，被動be加being done。

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。

否定助後加not，疑問一助置主前。

主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。

一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。

複合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應變。