詳析雅思閲讀難句中的插入結構

導語：同學們一般習慣於以詞為單位閲讀，所以遇到存在“生詞”的句子就無從下手了。其實閲讀的真正障礙並不在於“生詞”，而在於“難句”，因為難句即使每個單詞都認識，只要“結構”複雜，可能也讀不懂。反之，一旦能夠把握“結構”，就可以忽略生詞，掌握大意，從而實現“無詞閲讀”的境界。為此，yjbys小編特為大家分析雅思閲讀插入句結構難句，歡迎參考。

　　一、難句的構成

英語的難句=主句+從句+短語，不同於漢語的句子全是簡單句，沒有複雜句。如果把英語的難句比喻成大樹，那麼主句相當於樹幹，從句相當於樹枝，而短語相當於葉子。只要把握主句，就可理解大意。相比之下，漢語的句子就好比是竹子，一節一節的。

因此，我們在理解英語難句的時候要學會“拆”——把複雜句拆成簡單句來理解。也就是説，要學會抓住“樹幹”，拆掉“枝葉”。

　　二、如何“拆”

任何句子都必須有謂語動詞，所以找到一個謂語動詞就可以拆下來一個句子。因此，理解難句的基本步驟是：1)識別出有哪幾個謂語動詞;2)找出主句的謂語動詞，先理解主句;3)再去理解從句和短語。

　　三、符號説明

1.謂語動詞用黑體的斜體字表示，例如：Everyone should know …。

2.從句的引導詞用方框表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located。

3.從句用橫線表示，例如：where the nearest fire alarm box is located，表示where引導的從句。

4.插入語成分用括號表示，例如：Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between…

　　插入句結構難句列表

1. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.

, for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under, involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.

l, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.

this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, at certain rare intervals, a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.

knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

ver, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, no matter how virtuous, can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

rmation and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth.

I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.

e we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, with an ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.

a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable.

found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction.

is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

uter crime, a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that corrupts data and programs, has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.

ain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.

1. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.

結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中主句的是hears。(what is more)是插入語，而插入語並不重要。所以要先理解插入語兩端的內容，再理解插入語。因此，對於插入語，我們的處理方法是：“先讀兩端，再讀中間”。with後面的right…right…and right…是並列結構。

翻譯：兒童從早到晚都能聽到別人在講(母語)，而且更重要的是，聽到的總是一種正確的發音、語調、用詞以及語法結構的純正語言。

, (for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under), involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.

結構：只有一個謂語動詞：involves。(for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under)是插入語。本句的主幹為：Work involves responsibility。for後面的內容修飾responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well為並列結構。

翻譯：對於大多數美國和中國的55歲或者以下的婦女而言，工作的全部職責包括了負責家務、照顧孩子以及在家務之外還要上班。

l, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, (unless there was a ship nearby), would be on an island 885 miles away.

結構：共有5個謂語動詞，主句謂語動詞為could not help。that引導think的賓語從句。could contact屬於定於從句，省略了引導詞，修飾person。unless引導條件狀語從句，為插入語。拆分為：

1) Still, he could not help thinking.

2) That if anything should happen.

3) The nearest person would be on … away.

4) he could contact the person.

5) Unless there was a ship nearby.

翻譯：他仍然忍不住想到，如果發生了什麼意外，那麼除非附近有條船，否則他能用電台聯繫到的最近的人也885英里之外的島嶼上。

this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, (at certain rare intervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.

結構：只有1個謂語動詞：has。its…, its…, its…, and a…or a…是並列結構，作為has的'賓語。(at certain rare intervals)是插入語。

翻譯：然而，這另一種生活也有其情趣、快樂、滿足，而且也偶爾伴隨着平靜的喜悦或者突如其來的激動。

knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中is not是主句的謂語動詞。while引導的讓步狀語從句，作為插入語，分隔了主語和系動詞。拆分為：

1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

2) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.

翻譯：因此，雖然在很多方面，我們對社會體制的認識極度不準確，但是這些認識並不能夠被新的發現所正式推翻。

ver, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中is是主句的謂語動詞。because引導原因狀語從句。(no matter how virtuous)是插入語，分隔了從句的主語和謂語。拆分為：

1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality.

2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

翻譯：然而，自我實現對於道德而言至關重要，因為沒有自我實現的公民，無論多麼有道德，都無法履行道德賦予他們的義務。

7. Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, (whether they work in manufacturing or services), will have the advantage and produce the wealth.

結構：共有4組謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為will become和will have and produce。whether引導讓步狀語從句為插入語。拆分：

1) Information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people will have the advantages and produce the wealth.

2) People possess it.

3) Whether they work in manufacturing or services.

翻譯：信息和知識將會變得更加重要，而且掌握它們的人們，不論是在製造業還是服務業，都將會擁有優勢，創造財富。

I was being blamed for, (it turned out), was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper.

結構：共有5個謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為was。What引導主句從句。(it turned out)為插入語。拆分為：

1) What I was being blamed for was a newspaper strike.

2) The strike made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts.

3) The inserts normally are included with the Sunday paper.

翻譯：原來，我因為一場報紙行業罷工而受到責備。罷工造成不得不用人工把那些通常是夾在週日報紙裏面的廣告插頁遞送出去。

e we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, (with an ingratiating smile on his false face), came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.

結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為came up。(with an ingratiating smile on his false face)是插入語，分隔了主語和謂語。Ingratiating這個形容詞修飾smile，不認識也不妨礙理解。拆分為：

1) The head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.

2) While we were waiting for the coffee.

翻譯：正在我們等咖啡上來的時候，領班面帶着奉承的微笑，走到我們跟前，帶來了一大籃子的特大蘋果。

a great book, (rich in ideas and beauty), (a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions), demands the most active reading of which you are capable.

結構：共有3個謂語動詞，其中demands是主句謂語動詞。(rich in ideas and beauty)和(a book that…)是插入語。前者做a great book的後置定語，而後者是a great book的同位語，起補充説明的作用。that引導定語從句修飾book，which引導定語從句修飾reading。拆分為：

1) A great book demands the most active reading.

2) A book rises and tries to answer …questions.

3) You are capable of the reading.

翻譯：但是一本富於思想和美感的偉大的書能夠提出並試圖回答一些偉大的根本問題。這樣的書需要你盡最大所能來積極閲讀。

found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, (so far as it goes), is a perfect induction.

結構：共有4個謂語動詞，其中主句的謂語動詞為found和is。分號前後的兩句話是並列的主句。upon that等於because of that。第一個that指a general law。第二個that引導a general law的同位語從句。(so far as it goes)是插入語，意思是“迄今為止”。拆分為：

1) You found upon that a general law.

2) That all hard and green apples are sour.

3) And that is a perfect induction.

翻譯：由此你發現了一條普遍規律，即所有又硬又青的蘋果都是酸的。而且，迄今為止，這是一條不錯的歸納。

is, (everyone agrees), a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

結構：共有6個謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為is和challenges。and連接兩個並列主句。(everyone agrees)為插入語。第二個that引導the fact的同位語從句。拆分為：

1) It is a huge task.

2) The child performs the task.

3) When he learns to speak.

4) The fact challenges explanation.

5) That he does so in so short period of time.

翻譯：每個人都同意，孩子學説話是件艱鉅的任務，而且他們能在如此短時間內做到，確實需要好好解釋一下。

uter crime, (a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that destroys data and programs), has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.

結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中主句的為has grown。主幹為Computer crime has grown at an alarming rate…。中間的(a phrase…programs)是插入語，雖然很長，但是即使看不懂也不重要，只要明白是在解釋computer crime即可。denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts …作為分詞修飾a phrase。steal or modify records, or to release …software為並列結構。called a virus修飾software。

翻譯：隨着計算機通訊的發展，計算機犯罪已經在加速增長。計算機犯罪這個術語是指非法、祕密侵入數據庫盜取或修改數據記錄，或者在計算機網絡上散佈病毒軟件來破壞數據和程序的行為。

14. Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, (that is to say), of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.

結構：共有2個謂語動詞，其中主句謂語動詞為must face。主幹為：Britain must face the problem。 almost more than any other country in the world作為Britain的後置定語。(that is to say)是插入語，意為“也就是説”。 兩個of介詞短語都在修飾the problem。

翻譯：英國幾乎比世界上任何國家都更加需要嚴肅對待向高空建築房屋的問題，也就是説，要在很高的公寓樓裏面容納下人口總數的一大部分的問題。