職稱英語衞生C概括大意歷年考題解析

要建設，就必須有知識，必須掌握科學。而要有知識，就必須學習，頑強地、耐心地學習。向所有的人學習，不論向敵人或朋友都要學習，特別是向敵人學習。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的職稱英語衞生C概括大意歷年考題解析，希望對正在關注的您有所幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!

　　Ebola Outbreak

1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak.

Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contacted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.

2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak:

Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.

3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contacting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Spbcifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though, the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.

4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contacting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.

5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the causes an over-stimulation of the body's inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism(凝血機制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注), ultimately lead to organ failure and death.

6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (瘧疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

23. Paragraph 2 __________

24. Paragraph 3 __________

25. Paragraph 4 __________

26. Paragraph 5 __________

A. Am I at risk of contacting the virus?

B. Is the current outbreak the deadlines?

C. How do I know ifI have contacted the virus?

D. What areas are currently affected?

E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body?

F. What caused the Ebola outbreak?

27. The initial Ebola outbreak was found in

28. The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in__________.

29. The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear __________.

30. The Ebola virus transmits by contact with __________.

A. infected body fluids

B. against the outbreak severity

C. the mode of transmission

D. the initial days of being infected

E. three countries in West Africa

F. within a wide range of days

　　Eye Problems

1 Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts ( 白內障).

2 The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外線)are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye.

Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision andeventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.

3 “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s," says Dr. M/re/lle Bonnet, who took part in recent research. She says that the six muscles controlling each eye move more than100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest.

4 It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption.

5 Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers.

6 Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (電磁場) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which results from staring at a screen.

23. Paragraph 2 __________

24. Paragraph 3 __________

25. Paragraph 5 __________

26. Paragraph 6 __________

A. The development of poor night vision

B. The greatest threat to the eyes

C. The function of sunglasses

D. The reason for children's nearsightedness

E. The effects of computer on the eyes

F. The ways to reduce eve comolaints

27. Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of__________.

28. We can wear anti-UV glasses to protect ___________.

29. We used to believe that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from __________.

30. Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to __________.

A. our parents

B. clouded vision

C. eye muscles

D. our eyes

E. computer use

F. eye move

　　Traffic Jams--No End in Sight

1 Traffic congestion (擁堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S., commuters (通勤人員) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available,most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.

2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.

3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staffto telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars offthe road altogether.

4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded "city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars offthe road; they only accommodate more of them.

Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.

23. Paragraph 1 __________

24. Paragraph 2__________

25. Paragraph 3 ___________

26. Paragraph 4 __________

A. Paying to get in

B. Changing work practice

C. Not doing enough

D. A solution which is no solution

E. Closing city centres to traffic

F. A global problem

27. Most American drivers think it convenient to __________.

28. If charged high enough, some drivers may __________to enter certain parts of town.

29. Building more roads is not an effective way to __________.

30. The U. S. government has planned to __________updating public-transport systems.

A. reduce traffic jams

B. drive around

C. go by bus

D. spend more money

E. travel regularly

F. encourage more private cars

2015年真題

23.D。從第二段的首尾句來看，第一句講的是三個主要發生埃博拉疫情的國家，尾句説的是其他發生埃博拉病例的國家，故D(哪些地區目前受到疫情影響)是正確答案。

【備考助手】段落大意一般是段落的首旬和尾句，很少的時候是在中間的句子，特別是中間的句子帶有“yet，but，however”等轉折關係的時候。如果段落之中沒有明顯的主題句，則需要根據大意或者高頻詞彙進行判斷。

24.A。第三段首句是主題句，“如果你沒有去過三個疫情感染的國家，那麼你感染埃博拉病毒的風險為零”，即討論的是埃博拉病毒的感染，故A(我有沒有感染埃博拉病毒的'風險?)是正確答案。

25.C。第四段的主題句是首句，埃博拉病毒的症狀不是很具體，病人一般在病毒感染一週之後才會出現典型的症狀，所以該段主要談論埃博拉病毒的症狀。因而D(我如何知道自己是否感染了埃博拉病毒?)是正確答案。

26.E。第五段的主題句是首句，埃博拉病毒具有破壞性是因為它會在人體的任何器官內進行攻擊和複製，故E(埃博拉病毒對身體到底有何影響?)是正確答案。

27.E。題幹：最早埃博拉病毒爆發是在__________發現的。利用出題順序與段落順序一致的原則，利用題幹關鍵詞the initial Ebola outbreak可以定位到第二段的首句，“即到目前為止，只有西非的三個國家正在經歷埃博拉病毒的大爆發”，所以答案為E(西非的三個國家)

28.C。題幹：SARS和埃博拉病毒的不同之處在於__________。利用題幹關鍵詞difference，SARS和Ebola可以定位到第三段第二句，可知與其他在空氣中傳播的病毒如SARS不同，埃博拉病毒只能通過直接與感染人羣接觸而傳播，故選C(傳播方式)。

29.F。題幹：病人感染埃博拉病毒的症狀最初出現 __________ 。利用題幹關鍵詞symptoms和firstappear可以定位到第四段的前兩句，可知埃博拉病毒的症狀不具體，通常在感染一週之後才有明顯症狀，症狀最早出現時感染兩天後，最晚是感染三週之後，所答案為E(在好多天的範圍之內)。

30.A。題幹：埃博拉病毒通過與__________的接觸進行傳播。利用題幹關鍵詞Ebola virus，transmits和contact可以定位到第三段的第二句和第三句，可知與其他在空氣中傳播的病毒如SARS不同，埃博拉病毒只能通過直接與感染人羣接觸而傳播，具體來説，埃博拉通過與體液的接觸進行傳播。因此該題答案選A(受感染的體液)。

2014年真題

23.B。第二段的主題句為第一句，即臭氧層的稀薄意味着更多的紫外線到達地球，而這些紫外線是視線模糊的最大危險因素，所以選項B(眼鏡的最大威脅)為正確答案。

24.F。第三段沒有明顯主題句，該段主要講40歲以上的人羣中很多都有小的眼睛問題，往往是因為用眼過度造成的，因而要學會鍛鍊眼部肌肉並使其得到休息，所以選項F(減少眼病的方法)為正確答案。

25.D。第五段沒有明顯的主題句，該段講到美國和歐洲有80%的孩子都患有近視眼，而長期盯着平面的東西是主要原因，所以選項D(孩子患近視眼的原因)為正確答案。

26.E。第六段的主題句為第一句，即“在地表之下有很大的天然氣儲存”，所以選項E(電腦對眼鏡的影響)為正確答案。

27.B。題幹：夏天的陽光被認為是__________的原因。利用題幹關鍵詞sunlight in summer可以定位到第一段“Sunlight，especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts”。由此可知，夏天的陽光容易引起白內障，再定位cataracts可以定位到第二段“…the comea causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts”，由此可知選項B(模糊的視覺)為正確答案。

28.D。題幹：我們可以戴防紫外線的太陽鏡來保護__________。利用題幹關鍵詞可以定位到第二段“The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV ver,OUr eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses”，意為“紫外線可以通過防紫外線的眼鏡得到防禦。但是，我們的眼睛並未從那些時尚的太陽鏡得到充分的保護”，所以選項D(我們的眼睛)為正確答案。

29.A。題幹：我們過去常常認為近視眼或遠視眼是遺傳於__________。利用題幹關鍵詞near-or far-eyesight和inherit可以定位第四段“It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents”，意為“傳統上認為近視或者遠視是從父母那裏遺傳來的”，所有選項A(我們的父母)為正確答案。

30.E。題幹：超過25%的人有夜晚視覺的問題，因為__________。利用題幹關鍵詞23%可以定位到最後一段“Problems with night vision，which affect around 25 percent of people,are also on the increase because of computer use”，意為“夜晚視覺的問題，

影響了約25%的人羣，因為電腦的使用數量還在增加”，所以選項E(電腦的使用)為正確答案。

2013年真題

23.F。第一段首句是主題句，交通擁擠影響到了全世界的人，故F(全球問題)是正確答案。

24。A。第二段首旬是主題句，最有希望減少城市擁擠的技術被稱為擁堵收費，即車輛在一天的特定時段進入城裏的特定區域是要收費的。故A(付費進入)是正確答案。

25.B。第三段首句是主題旬，另一種緩解交通高峯期的方法是僱主實行彈性工作時間，這可以讓員工在非高峯期往返工作，以避開上下班的高峯，因而B(改變上下班慣例)是正確答案。

26.D。第四段沒有主題句，通過本段可知很多人認為緩解交通壓力最好的辦法是多修路，但作者認為這種辦法並不能真正解決問題。故D(一個不能解決問題的解決方案)是正確答案。

27.B。題幹：大部分美國人認為__________很方便。利用關鍵詞convenient可以定位，根據第一段最後一句“most people still choose their CarS because they are looking for convenience，comfort and privacy”可知，很多人選擇開車是為了舒適、方便和隱私。因而答案為B。

28.C。題幹：如果收費足夠高，許多司機可能__________進入城鎮的特定區域。利用題幹關鍵詞charge可以定位，根據第二段“In theory，ifthe toll is high enough，some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.”可知，“理論上，如果收費足夠高，有些司機將會取消他們的行程或者乘坐公交或火車”，所以C(坐公交)為正確答案。

29.A。題幹：建設更多的路不是__________的有效方法。利用題幹關鍵詞building roads等可以定位，根據第四段可知，有些城市規劃者認為緩解交通擁擠的最好辦法是建更多的路，但是並不能真的讓車遠離道路，而只會容納更多的車。因而修路並不是緩解擁堵的好辦法，所以A(緩解交通擁擠)為正確答案。

30.D。題幹：美國政府計劃通過__________來升級公共交通系統。利用題幹關鍵詞government和sport system等可以定位，根據第五段倒數第二句可知，美國政府決定花費70億美元來提高公共交通系統的通行量，並使用更有效的技術對其進行升級，所以D(花費更多錢)為正確答案。