2017職稱英語《衞生A》閲讀判斷專項試題

　　閲讀判斷

　　text 1

　　Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the Heart

According to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery.

They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure). The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump (用泵抽運) more blood than the others.

According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these results could revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better.

All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scientists measured their ejection fraction (射血分數). It is a measure of heart performance; it measures how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle (心室).

Healthy people's ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery (搭橋手術) performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%. No side effects were reposed.

Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the U.K. alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general, these findings are particularly significant.

Current treatments relieve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.

20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

experiment proved to be satisfactory.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

control group patients regretted not having had stem cell injections.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

study actually proved for the first time the benefit of stem cell therapy.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

ejection fraction rate of the patients with stem cell injections decreased.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

t failure is more common in the U.K. than anywhere else in the world.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

cell therapy seems to have great prospects.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

　　text 2

　　Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well

How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.

What accounts for this difference?

Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the fast years of life. A child hears it spoken from moming till night and,what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance, there is perfect assimilation.

Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as what is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.

Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.