職稱英語真題《衞生A》閲讀判斷精選

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　In Your Face

Why is this man so angry? We don't know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face.

Whatever culture you come from, you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.

Forty years ago, psychologist ' Paul Ekman of the University of California, San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle in

New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, and surprise.

Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans, and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did more research in Japan, Brazil, and Argentina,and got the same results.

According to Ekrnan, these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.

They developed to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us. Some emotional triggers are universal as well. When something suddenly comes into sight, people feel fear, because it might be dangerous. But most emotional triggers are learned. For example, two people might smell newly cut grass. One person spent wonderful summers in the country as a child, so the smell makes him happy. The other person remembers working very hard on a farm and being hungry, so he feels sad.

Once we make an emotional association in our brain, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible,to change it. "Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain." says Ekman. But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance, we can be more aware of things that make us angry, and we can think before we react.

There are many differences between cultures, in their languages and customs. But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.

16. Paul Ekman studies people's faces in different cultures.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. Ekman did research in several countries and got different results.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. Americans get angry more often than the Fore people from New Guinea.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. Ekman thinks that some basic emotions are the same everywhere.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. Two people might feel different emotions about the same thing.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. Fear is the most difficult emotion to change.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. People of different cultures smile when they understand each other.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

　答案與解析

16.A。題幹：Paul Ekman研究不同文化中人們的面部表情。從第二段第一句和第三段的最後一句可知Paul Ekman做的實驗就是研究不同文化的'表情是否相同，研究涉及美國、日本、巴西以及阿根廷等國家。因此題幹內容正確，故選A。

17.B。題幹：Ekman在不同的國家做實驗，得到的結果也不同。由第三段的最後一句可知實驗的結果是相同的，因此題幹內容有誤，故選B。

18.c。題幹：美國人比來自新幾內亞Fore部落的人更容易生氣。從第三段第四句可知Ekman通過對比發現，美國人和新幾內亞的Fore部落的人的面部表情都是一樣的，但並沒有提及美國人是否更容易生氣。因此答案為C。

19.A。題幹：Ekman認為在世界各地一些基本的情感都是一樣的。從第三段第四句和文中最後一段可知題幹內容正確，故選A。

20.A。題幹：兩個人可能對同一事物有不同的感覺。根據文中第四段倒數兩句可知人的經歷不同，可能對同一事物的感情就不同，所具有的心情就不一樣。因此題幹內容正確，故選A。

21.C。題幹：恐懼是最難改變的情感。文中並沒有提及恐懼難以改變，因此答案為C。

22.C。題幹：不同文化的人相互瞭解時會以微笑表達。根據文中最後一段“There are many differences between cultures，in their languages and a smile is exactly the same everywhere.”可知全世界的微笑都是一樣的，但並沒有提及人們相互理解時會微笑，因此答案為C。