关于大学英语四级语法指导

大学英语四级语法指导(1)

非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)

当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。

独立主格的结构1：名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。

1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

A followed B following C to follow D being followed

2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。

独立主格的结构2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。

动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;

been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励

短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)

句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。

matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的动词：

第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。

2016大学英语四级听力10大常考场景总结（4）

场景四：购物

1.采购衣服

必备词汇表

size 型号 come in all sizes 号全

2.采购电器

必备词汇表

model 款 discount 折扣

latest technology 最新的科技 reduce 减少

大学英语四级语法指导(2)

短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)

句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。

matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 将要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的动词：

第一点：forget 忘记; [反义] remember 记得;

这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。

注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事;

remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 记得做过某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。

动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。

动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。

形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;

感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);

give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的`过程;赠送礼品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

大学英语四级语法指导(3)

动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。

动作发出者 + 动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词(宾格)+ 动名词。

形容词物主代词：his， her， my， your， their， our。代词宾格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二点：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客观需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三点：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;

感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);

give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。

大学英语四级语法指导(4)

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看电视用，看比赛用; see 看电影用;

感官动词watch， see， hear; 感官动词 + 名词(代词)+ do

be erected 强调的是动作的结果; being erected 强调的是动作的过程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放弃; give in 屈服，让步; give off 释放，放出(烟和气体);

give away 泄露，走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分词; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整个句子); fight with + 工具 用该工具来打仗。 fight for 为…而战。

I fight with him. 我和他打起来了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩对付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 尽管; carry on 坚持，继续。

6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 总而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 毕竟，终究;overall 全面的，总体的

in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。

7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由于(相当于since); ever since 自从…以来。

与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式：

now that 既然，由于; in that 因为; except that 除…之外。

except后面加名词或代词;except that后面加句子。

8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 连接，附属; This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。

responsible to 对…负有责任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 与。。相反(相违背)。

9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。

10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失业; out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着; out of practice 缺乏练习。