历年托福听力真题精选

　　Conversation 1

女生想加入爵士乐队，尽管专业是其他但音乐是爱好，想继续保持。但教授的team已经不缺人了，教授建议她自己多关于Website，学生band会更新信息。

-TPO部分对应参考(社团生活TPO11-C1/TPO15-C1/TPO26-C1)

-TPO对应词汇

校内工作，课外活动

及寻找经济援助：

Letterof reference/recommendation

Competitive

Benefitfuture career

Fieldresearch

Collectdata for papers

Waiter,waitress，Babysitter

Workat the library

Qualification资格,qualified 合格的

Resume,CV

financialaid经济援助

ScholarshipFellowship

Teachingassistantship 助教奖学金

Researchassistantship 研究奖学金

Grant助学金

Loan 贷款

Need-based以需求为基础

Merit-based以优秀为基础

Studentunion 学生会

Clubs俱乐部

Membership成员资格

Careerservice

　　Lecture 1

自然科学类。讲矮行星是如何形成的，与行星的区别。一个是ejection theory，跟gravity的原因有关。第二个就是吸收的material无法发光，屏幕给了这两个theory的名词提醒。

-TPO部分对应参考(天文学TPO18-L1/TPO24-L4/T13-L4)

　　-参考背景

Sufficient internal pressure, caused by the body's gravitation, will turn abody plastic, andsufficient plasticity will allow high elevations to sink and hollows to fillin, a process known as gravitational relaxation. Bodies smaller than a fewkilometers are dominated by non-gravitational forces and tend to have anirregular shape. The Saturnian moon Methone, at around 3 km in diameter, is a roundedbut tidally elongated egg-shape. Larger objects, where gravitation issignificant but not dominant, are "potato" shaped; the more massivethe body is, the higher its internal pressure and the more rounded its shape,until the pressure is sufficient to overcome its internal compressive strength and it achieves hydrostatic equilibrium. At this point a body is as round as it is possible to be, given itsrotation and tidal effects, and is an ellipsoid in shape. This is the defining limit of a dwarf planet.

When an object is in hydrostatic equilibrium, a global layer of liquidcovering its surface would form a liquid surface of the same shape as the body,apart from small-scale surface features such as craters and fissures. If thebody does not rotate, it will be a sphere, but the faster it does rotate, themore oblate or even scalene it becomes. However, if such a rotating body were to be heated until itmelted, its overall shape would not change when liquid. The extreme example ofa non-spherical body in hydrostatic equilibrium is Haumea, whichis twice as long along its major axis as it is at the poles. If the body has amassive nearby companion, then tidal forces come into effect as well,distorting it into a prolate spheroid. An example of this is Jupiter's moon Io, which is the most volcanically active bodyin the Solar System due to effects of tidal heating. Tidal forces also cause a body's rotationto gradually become tidally locked, such that it always presents the same faceto its companion. An extreme example of this is the Pluto–Charon system, whereboth bodies are tidally locked to each other. Earth's Moon is also tidally locked, as are many satellites of the gas giants.

　　Lecture 2