考研英語否定形式應該怎麼翻譯

考研英語英譯漢翻譯時，對於否定結構的翻譯一定要用心，需要掌握好它的重點。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語否定形式的複習指南，歡迎大家前來閲讀。

　　考研英語否定形式的翻譯法

一、全部否定

例如：Nor, as things are, could the actual study of science easily be separated from technology, on which it has come to depend rather intimately for materials and apparatus. 本句是全部否定。Nor, neither, never等詞由於句首要倒裝，且表示對全句的全部否定，翻譯時將否定移回原位。本句中主句是被動語態，譯成主動語態;定語從句很長，而且與原句具有某種因果關係，所以單獨翻譯;depend on的on被提前。參考譯文：就目前的情況來看，很難把實際的科學研究和技術分開，因為科學已經非常依賴技術來獲得材料和儀器。

二、部分否定

例如：Not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates. 本句是部分否定句。英語中，有些句型，比如：, not all, , not every, 等，都是表示部分否定，可以翻譯成"並不都......"。但是，需要注意no, none, neither, nor引導的是全部否定。例如：No two people think alike.(沒有兩個人的想法是一樣的。)因此前面的例句可以翻譯成：並不是所有進入葉子的二氧化碳都化合為碳水化合物。

三、雙重否定

例如：Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized. 本句是雙重否定句，可以翻譯成：它的意義和重要性， 不管無論如何強調，都不算過分。英語中，兩個表示否定意義的詞用在同一句話中，實際上整句話表肯定。此外，還有一些固定的句型，比如cannot / hardly / gh / too / over+動詞(無論怎麼......也不過分......)， only (非常)，cannot but(不會不，一定會)等表示肯定。比如：We are only too willing to do it for you. (我們非常願意為你做這件事。)

四、形肯實否

例如： Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 我們最缺少時間，但偏偏許多人最不善於利用時間。

五、形否實肯

例如：He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. 他馬馬虎虎地看了看那張便條就走了。

六、否定轉移

例如：Don't scamp your work because you are pressed for time. 否定轉移是指形式上看起來是否定某個詞語或主句，但實際上是否定另外的詞語或從句。因此例句可以翻譯成：不要因為時間緊張就敷衍塞責。最常見的是"主語 + don't think + 從句 (否定從句)"，"use / because of...(否定because / because of )"等。對於否定轉移，翻譯時要把否定轉回原位。本句中，not否定的是because從句，所以翻譯時要把not還原到because從句上。

七、排除否定

As they expected to be away from the steamer only a few hours, they took enough food for one meal only and no extra clothing beyond what they stood up in. 本句是排除否定。所謂排除否定，就是指該句中有一部分是否定，有一部分是肯定。通常地，會用一些介詞或連詞等來排除掉其所引導或連接的部分。常見的引導詞有：beyond (除了)、other than(除了)、except (除了)、nothing more than (僅僅)等。該句中是用beyond引導的排除否定，排除掉其後的what they stood up in;由於本句前面有no,也可以看成是no和beyond的雙重否定表肯定。 以上例句可以翻譯成：因為他們估計離開輪船隻有幾個小時，所以只帶了一頓飯的食物和身上穿的衣服/所以只帶了一頓飯的食物，除了身上穿的之外，沒有多帶衣服。

　　考研英語提升寫作能力的方法

1. 背記：

背什麼?第一、背閲讀理解等材料裏面的`成語、慣用句式或段落。第二、背教師給的範文的框架、句型、段落。眾所周知，讀、寫是培養書面交際能力。讀、寫既互相區別，又互相聯繫。研究生英語入學考試的短文寫作是測試考生書面表達的一般能力。要提高書面表達能力， 必須多讀、多背。多讀、多背是解決語言知識問題。近代英國語言學家帕麥爾 (H. E. Palmer) 在所著的《The Oral Method of Teaching Languages》一書中説過這樣一段話：“The study of a language is in its essence a series of acts of memorizing; whether we are concerned with isolated words, with word-groups, with meanings or with the phenomena of grammar, the fact remains that successful memorizing is the basis of all process。”(學習一種語言，從本質上説， 是一系列的記憶活動，不管我們所涉及的是孤立的單詞、詞組、詞義或語法現象，事實總是這樣：記憶是一切成功的基礎。) 這段話告訴我們，熟記是學習外語能否成功的關鍵，記多少就能用多少;什麼也不記，就聽不懂，説不出，也就談不上寫作了。考生在準備應試過程中的背記範文是非常重要的。

2. 改寫：

所謂“改寫”就是根據命題要求對背過的語言材料進行去粗取精、去偽存真的模仿練習。這是培養寫作技能熟巧問題的必經之路。在這方面，考生應多做句子、段落和短文的漢譯英練習，對照答案反覆推敲，悟出道理來，才能心領神會、模仿套用。至於練習英語寫作，可以先練習寫文章摘要、大意和小結，進而改寫已有的範文和書信，逐漸過渡到獨立寫作。如無教師指導，就應儘量多查語言工具書，以減少語言錯誤。

3. 套用：

練習性寫作和考研寫作一樣，把熟練背記的詞彙、成語、句型按提綱、漫畫和提示的要求進行造句、組段，以便寫出一篇比較規範的短文。這就叫套用。

練習寫作要有決心、信心和恆心。要日積月累、細水長流、堅持不斷。要以滴水穿石的精神去背記、改寫和套用。相信最後你的作文水平一定會有質的飛躍

　　考研英語閲讀：議論文如何快速定位論點論據

1.若前面有完整句子。後以for example、take sth for example 、such as 、take 、consider、like 等開始的，一直到點號結束，中間都不用讀，括號括起來，括號內容為論據。前一句話為論據。此情況出現頻率極高。這一技巧，在閲讀理解和新題型中都是適用的。

"I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we'll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise," says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. "But," he cautions, "some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available."(1994年)

2.若前面有完整句子。後面馬上出現引號引用某人的話，那後面的引用一定為論據，不用讀。

Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman."(1996)那這段話中就只用讀第一句。

Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process … The designer and the inventor … are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist."(1996)這段話也只用讀第一句。

3. 抽象觀點或概念後，有具體例子。例子為論據。這是一種頻率高但是很容易忽略的點。希望大家好好練習：

But the tide is unlikely to turn back, In Australia - where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part - other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

在這一小段話中。In Australia與 In the US and Canada並列，同時也是前一句話tide趨勢這一抽象概念的2個具體例子。

4. 某句後有人名，數字，時間等列舉。列舉點一定是論據。

The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a "disjunction" between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.

那這段話就只用讀第一句。

Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.

Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much "re-engineering" has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO's Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish -- "the worst sort of ambulance cashing."

那這2段話該怎麼分析呢?我們可以看到第二段出現了2個人，也就是説整個第二段都是人名的列舉。都是例子都不需要讀。

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