國中英語寫作的訓練方法

一、仿寫

仿寫即仿照有關內容寫一篇類似的短文。如jefc第二冊練習冊第三頁練習3是一篇短文，學生讀了後，就可仿寫一篇題為my favourite month的短文。學生有文可依，又是寫自己所熟悉的內容，自然興趣很高，也容易寫好。下面兩篇習作可説明這一點。

【例1】octobera:my favourite month is is in weather is cool. it is harvest time and we can have a lot of fruits. and chinese mid-autumn day is often in this that day, i can eat many different kinds of mooncakes.

【例2】july: i like july best, because it is the hottest month.i can do a lot of sports. i can go swimming and i can also go boating.

二、改寫

改寫的方法很多，可以是將對話改寫成短文，也可以是縮寫課文等。如jefc學生課本第二冊第67課是一篇知識性較強的文章，通過縮寫，學生既加深了對課文的理解，又提高了寫作技能，下面就是學生的一篇習作。

the weather in china is like america’s. it is hot in summer and cold

in winter. but it is not so hot and cold in any seasons in england, and it is often rainy. australia’s seaaons are the opposite.

三、擴寫

擴寫即用同一題材通過數次擴展、補充從而完成短文的寫作練習。這種訓練都是在第一次寫作的基礎上，增加內容，擴充詞數。因為是學生初次運用自己的語言寫人寫事，第一次只要求學生能寫30個詞左右，以保證寫作的正確性。第二次的寫作練習是在第一次習作的基礎上進行的，詞數可由30個擴充到50個左右，第三次可擴至70個左右。第四次最後成文，最終達到擴寫訓練的目的。下面試舉一例。 my family

第一次習作：there are four people in my farmily. they are my grandma, my father,my mother and i.

i am a middle school student.i study at no.3 middle school. i am in class 2, grade2.

第二次擴寫：(第1段同上)

my grandma is father is a mother is a teacher. i am a middle school student.i study at no.3 middle school. i am in class 2, grade2.

第三次擴寫：(第1 段同上)

my grandma is seventy. she is very kind. my father is a doctor . he works in the people’s hospital. my mother is a teacher. she is a teacher of english. i am a middle school strdenht. i study at no.3middle school.i am in class 2,grade 2.

第四次擴寫：(第1段同上)

my grandma is seventy. she is very father is a doctor. he works in the people’s hospital. he loves his work and he is a good doctor. my mother is a teacher. she is a teacher of english english,is quite good. she often teaches me english.i am a middle school student. i study at no.3 middle school. i am in class 2,grade 2.

my family is a happy one. i like it very much.

這樣短文擴寫的練習在選擇題材時如能有意識地聯繫課文教學，並注意貼近生活實際，學生就有內容可寫;一篇短文分次擴寫，每次的寫作量也不大因此可望獲得較高的正確率。由於上述兩個因素，學生的寫作興趣就容易得到培養，經常性的`訓練也不難堅持。一週練習擴寫兩次，兩週完成一篇短文的寫作即可。

通過上述訓練，使課文中的詞語和句型變成學生的英語技能，並轉化成交際性的運用，將知識轉化為能力，達到書面表達的目的。若能在教師的指導下持之以恆地訓練，經過國中幾年的學習，大多數學生都能運用所學知識寫簡單的書信、便條，程度好的學生還能學寫與課文內容相關的短文。這樣，便不難達到大綱所規定的使學生獲得運用英語進行交際的初步能力了。