大學英語四級語法指導四篇

　　大學英語四級常用語法精選

虛擬語氣

that從居中:

wish, would rather (sooner), had better:

I wish I were as strong as you.

I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.

I wish I remembered the address.

I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).

I had rather (that) you told him than I did.

suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等動詞後的賓語從句:

The commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.

He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.

She urged that he write and accept the post.

it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等結構後的主語從句中.

It was arranged that they leave the following week

It will be better that we meet some other time.

suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等後面的表語從句和同位語從句:

His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjusted.

在某些句型中

it is time that

It is time that we went (或should go) to bed.

It is high time we (should) put an end to this controversy.

as if (though) 引起的從句:

They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.

It seems as if it was (were) spring today.

He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert.

以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句(這時謂語多用 should +動詞原形):

He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.

He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold.

I'll keep a seat for you in case you should need it.

以whatever, whoever, no matter what這類代詞或詞組引起的從句(這時, 謂語多用may加動詞原形構成):

Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.

Come what may, we will go ahead. 不管發生什麼情況, 我們都要幹下去.

I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, he's still a good politician.

我承認他年老體衰, 然而儘管如此, 它仍是優秀的政治家.

　　大學英語四級語法指導一

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的

in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。

與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：

now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。

except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。

8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。

responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。

9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。

10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不着 within reach 夠得着; out of practice 缺乏練習。

　　大學英語四級語法指導二

動名詞的複合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的複合結構。

動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的.過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

　　大學英語四級語法指導三

短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)

句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。

matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動詞：

第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。

注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

動名詞的複合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的複合結構。

動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

　　大學英語四級語法指導四

非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)

當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。

獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]

現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關係來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。

1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

A followed B following C to follow D being followed

2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。

獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]

3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。

動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;

been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵

短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)

句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。

matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動詞：

第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。

注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

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