大學英語四級語法指導六點

一、

1. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose

do you supposed 常做插入語。

2. _D_ the advances of science， the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 儘管; as for 關於，至於]

A As for B Besides C Except D Despite

3. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.

A have B has C having D to have

influence on 對…造成影響，很大的影響中形容詞用的是strong。

4. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.

A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself

hurt oneself 自殘; be to + 動詞原形，將要做某事;

5. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.

A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared

be busy doing sth. 忙於做某事

6. Five minutes earlier， _A_ we could have caught the last train.

A and B but C or D an order

and 在這裏表示一種結果，翻譯成“那麼(和)”。只有兩種情況下and才會這樣翻譯：

省略句 + and + 句子; 2. 祈使句 + and + 句子。

7. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.

A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen

8. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.

A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order

order n. 定購，訂單; purchase n. 購買。

9. By the end of this month， we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.

A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding

如果一個句子的時間狀語是由by引導的，則時態要選擇完成時態。

將來的行為在將來的某個時間之前就已完成用將來完成時。

solution to a problem 一個問題的解決方案。

10. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.

A take on B get on C put up D look up

take on 承擔; take on responsibility 承擔責任。

二、

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的

in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。

與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：

now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。

except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。

8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。

responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。

9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。

10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不着 within reach 夠得着; out of practice 缺乏練習。

第一點：動名詞的複合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的複合結構。

動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

三、

The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的'是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)

句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。

四、

matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動詞：

第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。

注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

動名詞的複合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的複合結構。

形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

五、

非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)

當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。

獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]

現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關係來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。

1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

A followed B following C to follow D being followed

2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。

獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]

3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。

動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;

been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵

短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)

matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動詞：

第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。

注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

六、

“Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句為複合句。句子主幹為“Wellness” may be viewed not as a state, but as an ideal。not…but…意為“不是……而是……”。兩個 that 都引導定語從句，分別修飾 a state 和 an ideal。 view…as 意為“把…看作”。

【譯文】我們最好不要把健康看成是一種人們可以達到的狀態，而應將其視為一種人們可以努力追求的理想。

If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍縱即逝的) thought, the thought will die.（2007年6月）

【分析】本句為複合句。主句為the thought will die，從句為If引導的條件狀語從句。在從句中，包含一個由while引導的時間狀語從句while you are trying to capture a fleeting thought。從句中還包括一個listen to sb. do sth.（listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar）結構。

【譯文】在你盡力想要捕捉稍縱即逝的靈感的同時，還要聆聽一個五年級的英語老師糾正你的語法，那麼，你的靈感就會消失地無影無蹤。

Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句為複合句。句子主幹為the popularity taps into our desire, our wish, and a longing。how 引導賓語從句，作 regardless of 的賓語。our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated 和 a longing for lost purity 是並列成分，作 taps into 的賓語。

【譯文】不考慮賣得怎麼樣，瓶裝水的流行正説明我們對健康的渴求，對文明的希望，以及對失去的純真的嚮往。

According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. (2006年12月)

【分析】本句為複合句。句子主幹為some tactics include…。include 是及物動詞，後面需要名詞或者動名詞作賓語。句中 placing，listing 和 pouring 是三個並列的動名詞，作 include 的賓語。介詞短語 without even asking 是伴隨狀語。句末的 if 引導賓語從句，該從句作 asking 的賓語補足語。

【譯文】根據《華爾街日報》上的一篇文章，一些無恥的行徑包括將一些吸引眼球的瓶子放在桌子上以增加賣點，在目錄上列出商品的品牌但卻沒寫單價，或為就餐者倒瓶裝水而不問他們是否需要。

Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. (2006年6月24日)

【分析】本句為簡單句。句子主幹為the highways have…。have 後的部分都是賓語。Built with safety in mind 是過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語，其邏輯主語是highways。現在分詞 dividing 作前置定語，修飾 medians or barriers。

【譯文】這些公路以安全為建造理念建成，有寬闊的車道和路肩，標有中分線或裝了中分路障，還配備了長長的進出道路和為安全轉彎設計弧線道路，並設置了准入限制。