關於大學英語四級語法指導

大學英語四級語法指導(1)

非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)

當短語部分有獨立主語，並且該主語不同於句子主語，這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。

獨立主格的結構1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]

現在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關係來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。

1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

A followed B following C to follow D being followed

2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。

獨立主格的結構2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]

3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。

動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;

been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵

短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)

句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。

matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動詞：

第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。

注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

2016大學英語四級聽力10大常考場景總結（4）

場景四：購物

1.採購衣服

必備詞彙表

size 型號 come in all sizes 號全

2.採購電器

必備詞彙表

model 款 discount 折扣

latest technology 最新的科技 reduce 減少

大學英語四級語法指導(2)

短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞的結構：分詞(分詞短語)

句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作，則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出，則使用過去分詞。

matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

一些特殊的動詞：

第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。

注意：動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

動名詞的複合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的複合結構。

動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的`過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

大學英語四級語法指導(3)

動名詞的複合結構：凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的複合結構。

動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現，且動作發出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味着，…的意思是…

例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

大學英語四級語法指導(4)

1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。

2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。

I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。

5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持，繼續。

6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的

in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最後，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。

與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：

now that 既然，由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。

except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。

8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。

responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。

9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。

10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不着 within reach 夠得着; out of practice 缺乏練習。