五篇大學英語四級語法指導
倒裝的六條原則:
1. so放在句首時表示承前肯定,這個句子用部分倒裝;
nor, neither放在句首時表示承前否定,句子也用部分倒裝;
2. 省略了引導詞if 的虛擬條件從句,可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個提到從句最前面的位置,構成部分倒裝;
3. as, though表示“儘管”時引導從句,從句中的表語可以置於引導詞之前構成部分倒裝;
系動詞後面的部分就是表語,形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語可以置於系動詞之後。
例如:She is beautiful. They are students.
四級考試中出現的是由動詞的過去分詞轉變的形容詞作表語的形式。
例、 _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
當題幹是as引導一個從句,且as前為一個空格時他表示的就是儘管,空格處要填的就是表語。
being published 正在被出版; to be published 將要被出版。
此句恢復正常語序應為: As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含義的單詞或短語放在句首,句子用部分倒裝;
常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞:never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;
seldom 難得,不常;nowhere 哪裏都不。
常見的一些表示否定含義的短語:in no way 決不; on no account 決不;
under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。
5. only + 狀語放在句首,句子用部分倒裝;(如果only去掉就是全部倒裝)
例、Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生; make up for 彌補,補償; make-up tests 補考(緩考)。
6. 注意兩個表達形式:come what may 無論發生什麼情況; say what you will 暢所欲言。
篇二:大學英語四級語法指導
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用,看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch, see, hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服,讓步; give off 釋放,放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露,走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持,繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先,尤其是;after all 畢竟,終究;overall 全面的,總體的
in a word 總之,in short 簡而言之,in conclusion 最後,總之,to sum up總之,總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然,由於(相當於since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且後面可以加句子的幾個表達形式:
now that 既然,由於; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except後面加名詞或代詞;except that後面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接,附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬於北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的,抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 後悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業; out of reach 夠不着 within reach 夠得着; out of practice 缺乏練習。
篇三:大學英語四級語法指導
動名詞的複合結構:凡是一個動詞的後面可以加動名詞,就可以加動名詞的複合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時:名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現,且動作發出者在前文中提過時:形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞:his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格:him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二點:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用,看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch, see, hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服,讓步; give off 釋放,放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露,走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持,繼續。
篇四:大學英語四級語法指導
短語部分沒有獨立主語,則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構:分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作,則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出,則使用過去分詞。
matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞:
第一點:forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意:動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣,但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的複合結構:凡是一個動詞的'後面可以加動名詞,就可以加動名詞的複合結構。
動作發出者 + 動名詞;當動作發出者名字給出時:名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的複合結構在文章中出現,且動作發出者在前文中提過時:形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞:his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格:him, her, me, you, us, them。
第二點:want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用,看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch, see, hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動作的結果; being erected 強調的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服,讓步; give off 釋放,放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露,走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知,告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他並肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 儘管; carry on 堅持,繼續。
注意:want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點:mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事,意欲… ;mean doing 意味着,…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
篇五:大學英語四級語法指導
非謂語動詞與獨立主格:短語,句子(或者句子,短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語,並且該主語不同於句子主語,這時短語結構稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結構1:名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現在分詞、過去分詞]
現在分詞表示主動的,正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的,已經完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關係來確定是使用現在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發出時使用現在分詞,而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現在分詞和過去分詞的區別。
獨立主格的結構2:with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當於and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經被鼓勵完了,與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語,則短語結構稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結構:分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發出動作,則使用現在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發出,則使用過去分詞。
matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演,演出,演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞:
第一點:forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞後加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式表示已經做過的事情。
注意:動名詞與現在分詞形式一樣,但含義不同。這兩個詞後加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出,提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
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