新概念英語第二冊語法精粹
分詞
1.分詞的性質:
具有形容詞性質,可以在句中擔任表語、定語、賓補、狀語,現在分詞表示主動,且動作在進行:過去分詞表示被動,或動作已完成。
2.分詞的形式:
例: write (vt) rise (vi)
主動語態 被動語態 主動 過去分詞
時態
現在時 writing being written rising risen /
完成時 having written having been written having risen /
3.分詞的用法:
(1)定語 分詞置於被修飾名詞前
分詞短語於置於被修飾名詞後
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten(beaten 是被打敗的`意思)
This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.
The problem being discussed is very important.
(2)表語:The book is interesting.
He is interested in the book.
The news is exciting.
He feels excited.
(3)賓語補足語:
When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.
I'd like to havethis package weighed.
掌握精髓:動詞不定式作賓語表示動作的全過程,而現在分詞作賓補表示動作正在進行;過去分詞表示被動概念。
(4)狀語:(以下例句值得一背!)
① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.
→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.
② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.
→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.
③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker.
→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.
你知道嗎?注意:在運用此類句型時主語前後要保持一致。
① Whenschool was over, the boys went home.
→ Being over, the boys went home. ×
School being over, the boys went home. √
② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.
→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.
③ Ifweather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
④ I fwe judge from his face, he must be ill.
→ Judging from his face, he must be ill.(這裏應該是 we judging ...,但若主語是we, one, you表示“一般人”,主語可省略)
實際上,這裏涉及到獨立主格結構問題,以後在作分解!
4.分詞的時態:
現在分詞一般時表示此動作與主句謂語動詞同時發生。
現在分詞完成時表示此動作在主句謂語動詞之前發生。
Entering the room, hesaw he. (幾乎同時)
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. (分詞動作在前)
5.語態:現在分詞一般時被動表動作正在被進行,完成時被動強調分詞所表示的動作先被完成。
The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.
Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.(漁民先被告知而後駛向港口)
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